Stay connected with us on X, Discord, and LinkedIn to stay up to date with future analysis
Log in

OpenAI has launched a newer model, o3, we suggest considering this model instead.

For more information, see Comparison of o3 to other models and API provider benchmarks for o3.

o1-preview logo

o1-preview Intelligence, Performance & Price Analysis

OpenAI

Proprietary model

Released September 2024

Model summary

Intelligence

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

24
2 out of 4 units for Intelligence.

Speed

Output tokens per second

N/A
Unknown out of 4 units for Speed.

Input Price

USD per 1M tokens

$16.50
4 out of 4 units for Input Price.

Output Price

USD per 1M tokens

$66.00
4 out of 4 units for Output Price.

Verbosity

Output tokens from Intelligence Index

0.0
1 out of 4 units for Verbosity.

Metrics are compared against models of the same class:

  • Non-reasoning models → compared only with other non-reasoning models
  • Reasoning models → compared across both reasoning and non-reasoning
  • Open weights models → compared only with other open weights models of the same size class:
    • Tiny: ≤4B parameters
    • Small: 4B–40B parameters
    • Medium: 40B–150B parameters
    • Large: >150B parameters
  • Proprietary models → compared across proprietary and open weights models of the same price range, using a blended 3:1 input/output price ratio:
    • <$0.15 per 1M tokens
    • $0.15–$1 per 1M tokens
    • >$1 per 1M tokens
Technical specifications
ReasoningYes

This page shows the reasoning version of this model.

A non-reasoning variant may also exist.

Input modality

Supports:

This information is still being updated

Output modality

This information is still being updated

Knowledge cutoffOct 1, 2023
Context window128k
~192 A4 pages of size 12 Arial font

o1-preview is below average in intelligence and particularly expensive when comparing to other models of similar price. The model has a 128k tokens context window with knowledge up to October 2023.

o1-preview scores 24 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it below average among comparable models (averaging 28). When evaluating the Intelligence Index, it generated 0.0 tokens, which is very concise in comparison to the average of 13M.

Pricing for o1-preview is $16.50 per 1M input tokens (expensive, average: $1.60) and $66.00 per 1M output tokens (expensive, average: $10.00).

Navigation

IntelligenceOpennessIntelligence Index ComparisonsIntelligence Index Token Use & CostContext WindowPricingPerformance SummarySpeedLatencyEnd-to-End Response TimeModel Size (Open Weights Models Only)Comparisons

Intelligence

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 incorporates 10 evaluations: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt
+ Add model from specific provider
Estimate (independent evaluation forthcoming)
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 includes: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index by Open Weights / Proprietary

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 incorporates 10 evaluations: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt
+ Add model from specific provider
Estimate (independent evaluation forthcoming)
Proprietary
Open Weights
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 includes: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Indicates whether the model weights are available. Models are labelled as 'Commercial Use Restricted' if the weights are available but commercial use is limited (typically requires obtaining a paid license).

Intelligence Evaluations

Intelligence evaluations measured independently by Artificial Analysis; Higher is better
+ Add model from specific provider
Results claimed by AI Lab (not yet independently verified)
GDPval-AA (Agentic Real-World Work Tasks, (ELO-500)/2000)
Terminal-Bench Hard (Agentic Coding & Terminal Use)
𝜏²-Bench Telecom (Agentic Tool Use)
AA-LCR (Long Context Reasoning)
AA-Omniscience Accuracy (Knowledge)
AA-Omniscience Non-Hallucination Rate (1 - Hallucination Rate)
Humanity's Last Exam (Reasoning & Knowledge)
GPQA Diamond (Scientific Reasoning)
SciCode (Coding)
IFBench (Instruction Following)
CritPt (Physics Reasoning)
MMMU Pro (Visual Reasoning)
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

While model intelligence generally translates across use cases, specific evaluations may be more relevant for certain use cases.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 includes: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Openness

Artificial Analysis Openness Index: Results

Openness Index assesses model openness on a 0 to 100 normalized scale (higher is more open)
+ Add model from specific provider

Intelligence Index Comparisons

Intelligence vs. Price

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index; Price: USD per 1M Tokens
+ Add model from specific provider
Most attractive quadrant
Alibaba
Anthropic
DeepSeek
Google
Kimi
NVIDIA
OpenAI
xAI
Z AI
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

While higher intelligence models are typically more expensive, they do not all follow the same price-quality curve.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 includes: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Price per token, represented as USD per million Tokens. Price is a blend of Input & Output token prices (3:1 ratio).

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Intelligence Index Token Use & Cost

Output Tokens Used to Run Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Tokens used to run all evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index
+ Add model from specific provider
Reasoning Tokens
Answer Tokens
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

The number of tokens required to run all evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index (excluding repeats).

Cost to Run Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Cost (USD) to run all evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index
+ Add model from specific provider
Input Cost
Reasoning Cost
Output Cost
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

The cost to run the evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, calculated using the model's input and output token pricing and the number of tokens used across evaluations (excluding repeats).

Context Window

Context Window

Context Window: Tokens Limit; Higher is better
+ Add model from specific provider
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Larger context windows are relevant to RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) LLM workflows which typically involve reasoning and information retrieval of large amounts of data.

Maximum number of combined input & output tokens. Output tokens commonly have a significantly lower limit (varied by model).

Pricing

Pricing: Input and Output Prices

Price: USD per 1M Tokens
+ Add model from specific provider
Input price
Output price
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Price per token included in the request/message sent to the API, represented as USD per million Tokens.

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Intelligence vs. Price (Log Scale)

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index; Price: USD per 1M Tokens; Inspired by prior analysis by Swyx
+ Add model from specific provider
Most attractive quadrant
Alibaba
Anthropic
DeepSeek
Google
Kimi
NVIDIA
OpenAI
xAI
Z AI
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

While higher intelligence models are typically more expensive, they do not all follow the same price-quality curve.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.0 includes: GDPval-AA, 𝜏²-Bench Telecom, Terminal-Bench Hard, SciCode, AA-LCR, AA-Omniscience, IFBench, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Price per token, represented as USD per million Tokens. Price is a blend of Input & Output token prices (3:1 ratio).

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

 Pricing Comparison of o1-preview API Providers

Speed

Measured by Output Speed (tokens per second)

Output Speed

Output Tokens per Second; Higher is better
+ Add model from specific provider
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Tokens per second received while the model is generating tokens (ie. after first chunk has been received from the API for models which support streaming).

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Output Speed vs. Price

Output Speed: Output Tokens per Second; Price: USD per 1M Tokens
+ Add model from specific provider
Most attractive quadrant
Alibaba
Anthropic
DeepSeek
Google
Kimi
NVIDIA
OpenAI
xAI
Z AI
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Tokens per second received while the model is generating tokens (ie. after first chunk has been received from the API for models which support streaming).

Price per token, represented as USD per million Tokens. Price is a blend of Input & Output token prices (3:1 ratio).

Latency

Measured by Time (seconds) to First Token

Latency: Time To First Answer Token

Seconds to First Answer Token Received; Accounts for Reasoning Model 'Thinking' time
+ Add model from specific provider
Input processing
Thinking (reasoning models, when applicable)
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Time to first answer token received, in seconds, after API request sent. For reasoning models, this includes the 'thinking' time of the model before providing an answer. For models which do not support streaming, this represents time to receive the completion.

End-to-End Response Time

Seconds to output 500 Tokens, calculated based on time to first token, 'thinking' time for reasoning models, and output speed

End-to-End Response Time

Seconds to Output 500 Tokens, including reasoning model 'thinking' time; Lower is better
+ Add model from specific provider
Input processing time
'Thinking' time (reasoning models)
Outputting time
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Seconds to receive a 500 token response. Key components:

  • Input time: Time to receive the first response token
  • Thinking time (only for reasoning models): Time reasoning models spend outputting tokens to reason prior to providing an answer. Amount of tokens based on the average reasoning tokens across a diverse set of 60 prompts (methodology details).
  • Answer time: Time to generate 500 output tokens, based on output speed

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Model Size (Open Weights Models Only)

Model Size: Total and Active Parameters

Comparison between total model parameters and parameters active during inference
+ Add model from specific provider
Active Parameters
Passive Parameters
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

The total number of trainable weights and biases in the model, expressed in billions. These parameters are learned during training and determine the model's ability to process and generate responses.

The number of parameters actually executed during each inference forward pass, expressed in billions. For Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, a routing mechanism selects a subset of experts per token, resulting in fewer active than total parameters. Dense models use all parameters, so active equals total.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about o1-preview

o1-preview was released on September 12, 2024.

o1-preview was created by OpenAI.

o1-preview scores 24 (estimated) on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it below average among other reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 28).

o1-preview costs $16.50 per 1M input tokens (at the higher end, median: $1.60) and $66.00 per 1M output tokens (at the higher end, median: $10.00), based on the median across providers serving the model.

o1-preview costs $16.50 per 1M input tokens and $66.00 per 1M output tokens (based on the median across providers serving the model). For a blended rate (3:1 input to output ratio), this is $28.88 per 1M tokens. Pricing may vary by provider. Compare provider pricing

When evaluated on the Intelligence Index, o1-preview generated 0.0 output tokens, which is very competitive compared to other reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 13M).

Yes, o1-preview is a reasoning model. It uses extended thinking or chain-of-thought reasoning to work through complex problems before providing an answer.

o1-preview supports text only input.

o1-preview supports text only output.

No, o1-preview does not support image input. It can only process text.

No, o1-preview is not multimodal. It only supports text only input.

o1-preview has a context window of 130k tokens. This determines how much text and conversation history the model can process in a single request.

No, o1-preview is proprietary. The model weights are not publicly available.

o1-preview is a proprietary model and OpenAI has not disclosed the model size or parameter count.

o1-preview achieves a score of 24 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index. This composite benchmark evaluates models across reasoning, knowledge, mathematics, and coding.

o1-preview has a knowledge cutoff of October 2023. The model's training data includes information up to this date.

Yes, o1-preview is available via API through 1 provider. Compare API providers

o1-preview is available through 1 API provider. Compare providers