OpenAI has launched a newer model, GPT-5 nano (medium), we suggest considering this model instead.

For more information, see Comparison of GPT-5 nano (medium) to other models and API provider benchmarks for GPT-5 nano (medium).

GPT-4.1 nano logo
OpenAI
•

Proprietary model

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Released April 2025

GPT-4.1 nano Intelligence, Performance & Price Analysis

API Provider Benchmarks

Model summary

IntelligenceUpdated

10
Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index
2 out of 4 units for Intelligence.

Speed

131.5
Output tokens per second
3 out of 4 units for Speed.

Price

Input
$0.10
per 1M tokens
Output
$0.40
per 1M tokens
1 out of 4 units for Price.

Cache Hit Price

$0.025
USD per 1M tokens
1 out of 4 units for Cache Hit Price.

Verbosity

8.7M
Output tokens from Intelligence Index
3 out of 4 units for Verbosity.

GPT-4.1 nano is below average in intelligence, but well priced when comparing to other non-reasoning models of similar price. It's also faster than average, however somewhat verbose. The model supports text and image input, outputs text, and has a 1M tokens context window with knowledge up to May 2024.

GPT-4.1 nano scores 10 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it below average among comparable models (averaging 11). When evaluating the Intelligence Index, it generated 8.7M tokens, which is somewhat verbose in comparison to the average of 8.4M.

Pricing for GPT-4.1 nano is $0.10 per 1M input tokens (competitively priced, average: $0.25) and $0.40 per 1M output tokens (competitively priced, average: $0.70). In total, it cost $48.66 to evaluate GPT-4.1 nano on the Intelligence Index.

At 132 tokens per second, GPT-4.1 nano is faster than average (95).

ReasoningNo

This page shows the non-reasoning version of this model.

A reasoning variant may also exist.

Input modality

Supports: text, image

Output modality

Supports: text

Knowledge cutoffMay 31, 2024
Context window1M
~1500 A4 pages of size 12 Arial font

Metrics are compared against models of the same class:

  • Non-reasoning models → compared only with other non-reasoning models
  • Reasoning models → compared across both reasoning and non-reasoning
  • Open weights models → compared only with other open weights models of the same size class:
    • Tiny: ≤4B parameters
    • Small: 4B–40B parameters
    • Medium: 40B–150B parameters
    • Large: >150B parameters
  • Proprietary models → compared across proprietary and open weights models of the same price range, using a blended 3:1 input/output price ratio:
    • <$0.15 per 1M tokens
    • $0.15–$1 per 1M tokens
    • >$1 per 1M tokens

Highlights

Updated

Intelligence

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Higher is better

Speed

Output tokens per second · Higher is better

Cost per Task

Weighted average cost (USD) per Intelligence Index task · Lower is better

IntelligenceUpdated

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 incorporates 9 evaluations: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 includes: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index by Open Weights / Proprietary

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 incorporates 9 evaluations: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 includes: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Indicates whether the model weights are available. Models are labelled as 'Commercial Use Restricted' if the weights are available but commercial use is limited (typically requires obtaining a paid license).

Intelligence Breakdown

Intelligence Evaluations

Intelligence evaluations measured independently by Artificial Analysis · Higher is better
GDPval-AA v2

Agentic real-world work tasks, (Elo-500)/2000

𝜏³-Banking

Agentic tool use

Terminal-Bench v2.1

Agentic coding & terminal use

SciCode

Coding

Humanity's Last Exam

Reasoning & knowledge

GPQA Diamond

Scientific reasoning

CritPt

Physics reasoning

AA-Omniscience Accuracy

Knowledge

AA-Omniscience Non-Hallucination Rate

1 - hallucination rate

AA-LCR

Long context reasoning

AA-BriefcaseNew

Agentic knowledge work, Elo

AutomationBench-AANew

Agentic SaaS workflows

Harvey LAB-AANew

Legal agentic work, task all-pass rate

EnterpriseOps-Gym-AANew

Agentic business operations

IFBench

Instruction following

APEX-Agents-AA

Long-horizon agentic tasks

ITBench-AA

Kubernetes incident root-cause analysis

MMMU-Pro

Visual reasoning

Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

While model intelligence generally translates across use cases, specific evaluations may be more relevant for certain use cases.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 includes: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

AA-Omniscience

AA-Omniscience Index

AA-Omniscience Index (higher is better) measures knowledge reliability and hallucination. It rewards correct answers, penalizes hallucinations, and has no penalty for refusing to answer. Scores range from -100 to 100, where 0 means as many correct as incorrect answers, and negative scores mean more incorrect than correct.
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

AA-Omniscience Index (higher is better) measures knowledge reliability and hallucination. It rewards correct answers, penalizes hallucinations, and has no penalty for refusing to answer. Scores range from -100 to 100, where 0 means as many correct as incorrect answers, and negative scores mean more incorrect than correct.

Intelligence Index Comparisons

Intelligence vs. Cost per Intelligence Index Task

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index · Weighted average cost (USD) per Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index task
Most attractive quadrant
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon.

Weighted average cost per Intelligence Index task. Each evaluation’s cost is calculated from input, cache hit, cache write, reasoning, and answer token prices, divided by task count, and weighted by its Intelligence Index weight.

Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index v4.1 includes: GDPval-AA v2, 𝜏³-Banking, Terminal-Bench v2.1, SciCode, Humanity's Last Exam, GPQA Diamond, CritPt, AA-Omniscience, AA-LCR. See Intelligence Index methodology for further details, including a breakdown of each evaluation and how we run them.

Token Use

Output Tokens per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average number of output tokens used to run one task in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

The number of tokens required per Intelligence Index task. This is calculated by multiplying the output tokens per eval by the relative weights of each benchmark in the Intelligence Index, then dividing by task count (excluding repeats).

Price and Cost

Cost per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average cost (USD) per Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index task, segmented by token type. Lower is better
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Weighted average cost per Intelligence Index task. Each evaluation’s cost is calculated from input, cache hit, cache write, reasoning, and answer token prices, divided by task count, and weighted by its Intelligence Index weight.

Cost to Run Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index

Cost (USD) to run all evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

The cost to run the evaluations in the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, calculated using the model's input, cache hit, cache write, reasoning, and answer token prices and the number of tokens used across evaluations (excluding repeats).

Pricing: Cache Hit, Input, and Output

Price (USD per M Tokens)
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Price per token for cached prompts (previously processed), typically offering a significant discount compared to regular input price, represented as USD per million tokens. The values shown here are the cache hit price; cache write and cache storage are billed separately and vary by provider — see "Cache pricing by provider" for detail.

Price per token included in the request/message sent to the API, represented as USD per million Tokens.

The blended cache price shown here uses cache hit price only. Other caching costs differ by provider:

  • Anthropic: charges a separate cache write fee, with different rates for 5-minute and 1-hour TTLs (1-hour TTL is more expensive).
  • Google (Vertex/Gemini): charges a per-hour cache storage fee in addition to cache hit pricing. Some providers also use tiered pricing for prompts above 200K tokens.
  • OpenAI, DeepSeek, others: typically charge only cache hit pricing with no write or storage fee.

See Prompt Caching for the full breakdown.

Price per token generated by the model (received from the API), represented as USD per million Tokens.

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Context Window

Context Window

Context window: tokens limit · Higher is better
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Larger context windows are relevant to RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) LLM workflows which typically involve reasoning and information retrieval of large amounts of data.

Maximum number of combined input & output tokens. Output tokens commonly have a significantly lower limit (varied by model).

Speed

Measured by Output Speed (tokens per second)

Output Speed

Output tokens per second · Higher is better
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Tokens per second received while the model is generating tokens (ie. after first chunk has been received from the API for models which support streaming).

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Time per Intelligence Index Task

Weighted average decode time (minutes) per task; excludes TTFT and overhead time · Lower is better
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

The weighted average time (seconds) per Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index task. This is calculated by dividing output tokens per task by output speed, weighted by the relative weights of each benchmark in the Intelligence Index.

Latency

Measured by Time (seconds) to First Token

Latency: Time To First Answer Token

Seconds to first answer token received · Accounts for reasoning model 'thinking' time
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Time to first answer token received, in seconds, after API request sent. For reasoning models, this includes the 'thinking' time of the model before providing an answer. For models which do not support streaming, this represents time to receive the completion.

End-to-End Response Time

Seconds to output 500 tokens, calculated based on time to first token, 'thinking' time for reasoning models, and output speed

End-to-End Response Time

Seconds to output 500 tokens, including reasoning model 'thinking' time · Lower is better
Reasoning models are indicated by a lightbulb icon

Seconds to receive a 500 token response. Key components:

  • Input time: Time to receive the first response token
  • Thinking time (only for reasoning models): Time reasoning models spend outputting tokens to reason prior to providing an answer. Amount of tokens based on the average reasoning tokens across a diverse set of 60 prompts (methodology details).
  • Answer time: Time to generate 500 output tokens, based on output speed

Figures represent performance of the model's first-party API (e.g. OpenAI for o1) or the median across providers where a first-party API is not available (e.g. Meta's Llama models).

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about GPT-4.1 nano

GPT-4.1 nano was released on April 14, 2025.

GPT-4.1 nano was created by OpenAI.

GPT-4.1 nano scores 10 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index, placing it below average among other non-reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 11).

GPT-4.1 nano generates output at 131.5 tokens per second (based on OpenAI's API), which is above average compared to other non-reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 95.2 t/s).

GPT-4.1 nano has a time to first token (TTFT) of 0.69s (based on OpenAI's API), which is very competitive compared to other non-reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 1.52s).

GPT-4.1 nano costs $0.10 per 1M input tokens (very competitive, median: $0.25) and $0.40 per 1M output tokens (very competitive, median: $0.70), based on OpenAI's API.

GPT-4.1 nano costs $0.10 per 1M input tokens and $0.40 per 1M output tokens (based on OpenAI's API). For a blended rate (7:2:1 cache hit/input/output ratio), this is $0.08 per 1M tokens. Pricing may vary by provider. Compare provider pricing

When evaluated on the Intelligence Index, GPT-4.1 nano generated 8.7M output tokens, which is somewhat higher than average compared to other non-reasoning models in a similar price tier (median: 8.4M).

No, GPT-4.1 nano is not a reasoning model. It provides direct responses without extended chain-of-thought reasoning.

GPT-4.1 nano supports text and image input.

GPT-4.1 nano supports text output.

Yes, GPT-4.1 nano supports image input and can analyze, describe, and answer questions about images.

Yes, GPT-4.1 nano is multimodal. It can process text and image input and generate text output.

GPT-4.1 nano has a context window of 1.0M tokens. This determines how much text and conversation history the model can process in a single request.

No, GPT-4.1 nano is proprietary. The model weights are not publicly available.

GPT-4.1 nano is a proprietary model and OpenAI has not disclosed the model size or parameter count.

GPT-4.1 nano achieves a score of 10 on the Artificial Analysis Intelligence Index. This composite benchmark evaluates models across reasoning, knowledge, mathematics, and coding.

GPT-4.1 nano has a knowledge cutoff of May 2024. The model's training data includes information up to this date.

Yes, GPT-4.1 nano is available via API through 2 providers. Compare API providers

GPT-4.1 nano is available through 2 API providers. Compare providers